Use of galacturonate and or galacturonate polymers in conjunction with …

Description (excerpt)

RELATED APPLICATION INFORMATION This application is continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/376,613, filed Jul. 15, 2021. The '613 application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/418,618, filed May 21, 2019. The disclosures of both applications are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties for all purposes. BACKGROUND Government Interest The embodiments herein may be manufactured, used, and/or licensed by or for the United States Government without the payment of royalties thereon. Technical Field The embodiments herein generally relate to metabolic engineering and bioinformatics. Description of the Related Art Traditionally, fermentation studies have focused on improving product yields. Factors that contribute to increased yield include substrate utilization, metabolic pathway and redox state of the cells. In fermentations with Clostridium acetobutylicum, acids (acetic and butyric) produced in the acidogenic phase are later converted to solvents (acetone, butanol and ethanol) in the second phase during solventogenesis. To effectively improve on fermentation processes, researchers are exploring a systems biology approach to make these microbial processes more flexible, configurable, fast, and robust. Generally, current processing technologies are not amenable to complex inputs such as waste materials, and are also unable to create complex hierarchical structures with extreme precision. Also, synthetic chemistry is generally incapable of producing certain high value products where biology can naturally. However, more studies are needed to fully understand metabolic pathways in biological systems to this effect. Finally, most investigated synthetic pathways are studied in non-robust chassis that fail to withstand harsh terrains. Fermentative organisms are known to adjust their metabolite state when fed on substrates with different oxidation states by altering production of reduced electron carriers such as NADH and/or NADPH. Moreover, the production of chemicals using microorganisms often requires metabolic engineering to insert chemical production pathways and/or provide the necessary metabolic flux to the pathway for sufficient chemical production. One challenge in this process is providing the correct proportion of carbon-containing precursors and redox cofactors in the correct oxidation state to the enzymes in the desired pathway. SUMMARY In view of the foregoing, an embodiment herein provides a method of producing chemicals, the method comprising providing fermentative cells; co-feeding any of galacturonate and galacturonate polymers with carbohydrates to the fermentative cells; and producing a chemical from the fermentative cells. The fermentative cells may comprise any of Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum. The carbohydrates may comprise any of glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, arabinose, xylose, sucrose, lactose, maltose, cellobiose, and starch. The method may comprise providing a substantially equal proportion of the any of galacturonate and galacturonate polymers and the carbohydrates for co-feeding to the fermentative cells. The method may comprise altering a proportion of the any of galacturonate and galacturonate polymers to the carbohydrates. The method may comprise modulating a production of the chemical by altering the proportion of the any of galacturonate and galacturonate polymers to the carbohydrates. The chemical may comprise acetate. The chemical may comprise butyrate. Another embodiment provides a method of controlling a metabolic process, the method comprising providing an anaerobic organism; providing a first chemical substrate comprising a first oxidation state; providing a second chemical substrate comprising a second oxidation state, wherein the first oxidation state is different from the second oxidation state; co-feeding the first chemical substrate and the second chemical substrate at a predetermined mixture ratio to the anaerobic organism; co-utilizing, by the anaerobic organism, the first chemical substrate and the second chemical substrate to produce a chemical; and controlling a regeneration of reduced electron carriers in cells of the anaerobic organism caused by a metabolism of the co-utilization of the first chemical substrate and the second chemical substrate. The anaerobic organism may comprise a fermentative organism. The first chemical substrate may comprise any of galacturonate and galacturonate polymers. The second chemical substrate may comprise a carbohydrate. The carbohydrate may comprise any of glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, arabinose, xylose, sucrose, lactose, maltose, cellobiose, and starch. The controlling of the amount of reduced electron carriers may comprise altering the predetermined mixture ratio of the first chemical substrate to the second chemica